Blood Lead Levels and Death from All Causes, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer: Results from the NHANES III Mortality Study
2006

Blood Lead Levels and Mortality Risks

Sample size: 9757 publication 10 minutes Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Susan E. Schober, Lisa B. Mirel, Barry I. Graubard, Debra J. Brody, Katherine M. Flegal

Primary Institution: National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Hypothesis

What is the risk of mortality associated with lower blood lead levels in adults?

Conclusion

Blood lead levels as low as 5–9 μg/dL are linked to an increased risk of death from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.

Supporting Evidence

  • Blood lead levels have decreased significantly since the late 1970s.
  • The study found a dose-response relationship between blood lead levels and mortality.
  • Participants with blood lead levels ≥ 10 μg/dL had a 1.59 times higher risk of death.

Takeaway

Even small amounts of lead in the blood can make people more likely to get very sick or die.

Methodology

The study analyzed mortality data from 9,757 adults aged 40 and older with blood lead measurements, using Cox proportional hazard regression analysis.

Potential Biases

Potential exposure misclassification due to reliance on one-time blood lead measurements.

Limitations

The study relied on a single blood lead measurement, which may not accurately reflect long-term exposure.

Participant Demographics

Participants were primarily adults aged 40 and older, with a mix of races and socioeconomic backgrounds.

Statistical Information

P-Value

0.001

Confidence Interval

1.05–1.48 for 5–9 μg/dL; 1.28–1.98 for ≥ 10 μg/dL

Statistical Significance

p<0.001

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1289/ehp.9123

Want to read the original?

Access the complete publication on the publisher's website

View Original Publication