How well is the female population represented in clinical trials with infusion therapies for Parkinson's disease? A systematic review and metanalysis
2025

Representation of Females in Infusion Therapies for Parkinson's Disease

Sample size: 1637 publication Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Katarzyna Smilowska, Vanessa Carvalho, Natalia Szejko, João Costa, Elena Moro, Angelo Antonini

Hypothesis

To estimate the representativeness of female in infusion therapy trials for advanced PD.

Conclusion

Females with advanced PD are underrepresented in infusion therapy trials.

Supporting Evidence

  • Only one study explored differences in outcomes based on sex.
  • The proportion of females included was 38%.
  • Females represented the majority in only two studies.
  • Sex was not a randomization stratification factor in any of the studies.
  • Most trials overlooked sex-based biological differences.

Takeaway

This study found that fewer women than men are included in clinical trials for Parkinson's disease treatments, which could affect how well these treatments work for women.

Methodology

A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials on infusion therapies for advanced Parkinson's disease, searching PubMed and EMBASE from 1980 to September 2023.

Potential Biases

Potential bias due to the exclusion of non-English articles and unpublished studies.

Limitations

The study did not perform a formal risk of bias assessment and only included studies with a sample size of at least 100 patients.

Participant Demographics

The studies included a total of 1637 patients, with a male-to-female ratio of approximately 1.49:1.

Statistical Information

Confidence Interval

95% CI: 33%–43%

Statistical Significance

p=0.72

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1111/ene.70024

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