Breast Cancer with Nipple Involvement
Author Information
Author(s): R.S. Menon, A.N. van Geel
Primary Institution: The Dr Daniel den Hoed Cancer Centre
Hypothesis
The study aims to assess the frequency and pattern of malignancy in the nipple.
Conclusion
Malignant changes in the nipple occur more commonly than previously realized, with 58% of examined nipples showing malignancy.
Supporting Evidence
- 58% of nipples examined showed malignancy.
- 17 of the 19 malignant cases were non-invasive.
- DCIS was the most common type of tumor found in the nipple.
- Significant correlation found between eccentric tumor location and nipple involvement.
- No significant correlation between tumor size and nipple involvement.
Takeaway
This study found that many breast cancer cases have tumors in the nipple, even when the nipple looks normal.
Methodology
Histological examination of nipple tissue from mastectomy specimens, with multiple transverse sections taken for analysis.
Potential Biases
Potential bias due to the selection of cases for mastectomy and the method of sampling.
Limitations
The study was limited to cases submitted for mastectomy, which may not represent the true incidence of nipple involvement in all breast cancer cases.
Participant Demographics
The study included 33 patients with breast cancer, with a majority having right breast involvement.
Statistical Information
P-Value
0.0078
Statistical Significance
p<0.05
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