Smoking and Its Impact on Nutrient Intake and Serum Folate Levels
Author Information
Author(s): Vardavas Constantine I, Linardakis Manolis K, Hatzis Christos M, Malliaraki Niki, Saris Wim HM, Kafatos Anthony G
Primary Institution: University of Crete
Hypothesis
What is the relationship between smoking status and serum and dietary micronutrient concentrations?
Conclusion
Current smoking status affects dietary nutrient intake as well as plasma folate levels.
Supporting Evidence
- Smokers had lower dietary intake of vitamin C, fiber, and fruits and vegetables.
- Serum folate levels were lower among smokers compared to non-smokers.
- Current smoking status was linked to inadequate dietary nutrient intake.
Takeaway
Smokers eat less healthy food and have lower levels of certain vitamins in their blood compared to non-smokers.
Methodology
Cross-sectional study with dietary recalls and blood samples from randomly selected farmers.
Potential Biases
Potential bias due to self-reported dietary intake and smoking status.
Limitations
The study is limited to a specific population of farmers in Crete, which may not be generalizable.
Participant Demographics
502 farmers, 44% male and 56% female, aged 18-79.
Statistical Information
P-Value
0.023
Confidence Interval
13.8–16.9
Statistical Significance
p<0.05
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
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