Genetic and Environmental Influences on Female Sexual Orientation, Childhood Gender Typicality and Adult Gender Identity
2011

Genetic Influences on Female Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity

Sample size: 4426 publication 10 minutes Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Andrea Burri, Lynn Cherkas, Timothy Spector, Qazi Rahman

Primary Institution: Queen Mary University of London

Hypothesis

Genetic factors significantly influence variation in measures of sexual orientation and its two covariates – childhood gender typicality (CGT) and adult gender identity (AGI).

Conclusion

The study found that genetic factors account for a moderate portion of the variance in female sexual orientation and childhood gender typicality, while adult gender identity showed a weaker genetic influence.

Supporting Evidence

  • Genetic influences accounted for 25% of the variance in sexual attraction.
  • Childhood gender typicality showed a heritability estimate of 32%.
  • Adult gender identity had a heritability estimate of only 11%.
  • The study used a large sample of 4,426 female twins.
  • A common pathway model best explained the association between sexual orientation, CGT, and AGI.

Takeaway

This study looked at how genes affect women's sexual orientation and how they behave as children. It found that both genes and the environment play a role in these traits.

Methodology

A multivariate genetic analysis was performed on a large sample of British female twins who completed questionnaires assessing sexual attraction, childhood gender typicality, and adult gender identity.

Potential Biases

The reliance on self-reported measures may introduce biases, and the retrospective nature of some assessments could affect accuracy.

Limitations

The study had a lower response rate compared to other studies, and the measures used for adult gender identity had low internal consistency.

Participant Demographics

Participants were British female twins, with a mean age of 53.36 years.

Statistical Information

P-Value

0.05

Confidence Interval

95% CI not specified

Statistical Significance

p<0.05

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1371/journal.pone.0021982

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