Fear of Darkness, the Full Moon and the Nocturnal Ecology of African Lions Lunar Ecology of Lion Predation on Humans
2011

How the Moon Affects Lion Attacks on Humans

Sample size: 474 publication Evidence: high

Author Information

Author(s): Craig Packer, Alexandra Swanson, Dennis Ikanda, Hadas Kushnir

Primary Institution: Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota

Hypothesis

Does moonlight influence the risk of lion attacks on humans?

Conclusion

African lions are more dangerous to humans during nights with little moonlight, particularly in the weeks following a full moon.

Supporting Evidence

  • Lions are more likely to attack humans during the darkest nights of the lunar cycle.
  • Over two-thirds of lion attacks on humans were fatal.
  • Most attacks occurred between 18:00 and 21:45, particularly after the full moon.

Takeaway

Lions are more likely to attack people when it's dark, especially after a full moon when the moon rises late.

Methodology

The study analyzed lion attacks on humans and food intake across the lunar cycle using retrospective data and statistical models.

Potential Biases

Potential biases in reporting lion attacks and the reliance on retrospective data.

Limitations

The study only includes data from specific regions in Tanzania and may not be generalizable to other areas.

Participant Demographics

Victims of lion attacks in southeastern Tanzania from 1988 to 2009.

Statistical Information

P-Value

p<0.0001

Statistical Significance

p<0.001

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1371/journal.pone.0022285

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