Spatial transcriptomics unveils estrogen-modulated immune responses and structural alterations in the ectocervical mucosa of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate users
2025

How DMPA Affects the Ectocervical Mucosa

Sample size: 8 publication 10 minutes Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Kaldhusdal Vilde, Boger Mathias Franzen, Tjernlund Annelie, Burgener Adam D., Bradley Frideborg, Lajoie Julie, Omollo Kenneth, Kimani Joshua, Fowke Keith, Czarnewski Paulo, Broliden Kristina

Primary Institution: Karolinska Institute

Hypothesis

Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) use alters immune responses and structural integrity in the ectocervical mucosa.

Conclusion

DMPA use is associated with distinct transcriptional profiles in the ectocervical mucosa, including upregulation of immunoglobulin genes and downregulation of genes related to epithelial barrier integrity.

Supporting Evidence

  • DMPA users showed upregulation of immunoglobulin genes across the ectocervical mucosa.
  • Downregulated genes were associated with disrupted epithelial barrier integrity.
  • Spatial transcriptomics revealed distinct transcriptional profiles in different mucosal layers.

Takeaway

Women using a certain birth control shot (DMPA) show changes in their cervix that might make them more likely to get infections.

Methodology

Ectocervical tissue samples were analyzed using spatial transcriptomics and gene set enrichment analyses.

Potential Biases

Sample selection based on RNA quality and morphology may introduce bias.

Limitations

The study is observational and cannot imply causation; the sample size is modest.

Participant Demographics

Participants were Kenyan sex workers aged 18-50, with a history of DMPA use for at least 6 months.

Statistical Information

Statistical Significance

p<0.05

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1038/s41598-024-83775-9

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