Review of Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Infections in Immunodeficient Patients
Author Information
Author(s): Estivariz Concepcion F., Krow-Lucal Elisabeth R., Mach Ondrej
Primary Institution: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Hypothesis
Individuals with primary immunodeficiency disorders may be unable to clear poliovirus infection after exposure to oral poliovirus vaccine.
Conclusion
The study highlights the challenges in detecting and managing immunodeficiency-related vaccine-derived poliovirus infections, particularly in middle-income countries.
Supporting Evidence
- 79% of iVDPV patients reported were from middle-income countries.
- Type 2 iVDPV was most frequently isolated (53%).
- Only six cases of iVDPV were reported during 2017–2024 compared to 63 during 2009–2016.
Takeaway
Some people with weak immune systems can't get rid of the poliovirus after vaccination, which can lead to serious health problems and spread the virus.
Methodology
The study analyzed 184 cases reported to the WHO from 1962 to 2024 and reviewed literature on polio infections in immunodeficient individuals.
Potential Biases
Potential biases may arise from underreporting of cases and the reliance on existing registries.
Limitations
The study is limited by the challenges in surveillance and reporting of iVDPV cases, especially in low-income countries.
Participant Demographics
Most iVDPV patients were from middle-income countries, with a significant number from the Eastern Mediterranean Region.
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
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