Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-Azar) Outbreak in Somali Refugees and Kenyan Shepherds, Kenya
2001

Visceral Leishmaniasis Outbreak in Kenyan Refugees

Sample size: 34 publication Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Gunter Boussery, Marleen Boelaert, Joke Van Peteghem, Philip Ejikon, Koen Henckaerts

Primary Institution: Medecins sans Frontieres, Brussels, Belgium; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; and Medecins sans Frontieres, Nairobi, Kenya

Hypothesis

Is there an outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis among Somali refugees and Kenyan shepherds in Kenya?

Conclusion

The study identified a significant outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis with a high case-fatality rate among the affected population.

Supporting Evidence

  • 26 probable visceral leishmaniasis cases were observed and 8 were confirmed parasitologically.
  • The case-fatality rate was 29.4% among the patients.
  • Most patients had a significant delay between symptom onset and diagnosis.

Takeaway

There was a big outbreak of a disease called visceral leishmaniasis in some refugee camps in Kenya, and many people got very sick.

Methodology

The study involved surveillance data review, patient interviews, and diagnostic tests including direct agglutination test and splenic aspirates.

Limitations

The validity of the diagnostic tests used is uncertain, and local transmission cannot be excluded.

Participant Demographics

The median age of patients was 15 years, with 25% being female; 6 were Kenyan citizens and the rest were Somali refugees.

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