Dimensions of well-being and social harmony of older persons in Ghana: A secondary analysis of longitudinal survey data of the 2014/15 Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE Wave 2)
2024

Well-being and Social Harmony of Older Adults in Ghana

Sample size: 1927 publication Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Oduro Joseph Kojo, Kumi-Kyereme Akwasi

Primary Institution: Department of Population and Health, College of Humanities and Legal Studies, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana

Hypothesis

This study examined the association between dimensions of well-being and the social harmony of older persons in Ghana.

Conclusion

The study found that high levels of emotional and physical well-being are positively associated with social harmony in older persons, while high levels of psychological and spiritual well-being are negatively associated.

Supporting Evidence

  • High levels of emotional and physical well-being were associated with a higher likelihood of social harmony.
  • Older persons with high levels of psychological and spiritual well-being were less likely to experience social harmony.
  • Rural residents reported higher social harmony compared to urban residents.
  • Being female was associated with lower social harmony compared to being male.
  • Older persons with secondary or higher education had higher odds of social harmony.

Takeaway

Older people in Ghana feel safer and more socially connected when they are emotionally and physically well, but being psychologically or spiritually well doesn't always mean they feel socially harmonious.

Methodology

A secondary analysis of longitudinal survey data from the 2014/15 SAGE Wave 2, using multilevel logistic regression techniques.

Potential Biases

Self-reported data may lead to favorable response bias.

Limitations

The study relied on self-reported data, which may introduce bias, and it is difficult to establish causality.

Participant Demographics

{"age":"60 years and older","gender":{"male":43.2,"female":56.8},"marital_status":{"married":58.5,"widowed":24.5,"never_married":6.3,"separated_divorced":10.7},"education":{"no_formal_education":45.0,"primary_or_JHS":27.1,"secondary_or_higher":27.9},"work_status":{"not_working":19.3,"part_time":33.3,"full_time":47.4}}

Statistical Information

Confidence Interval

95% CI = 1.35,1.35 for emotional well-being; 95% CI = 1.43,1.43 for physical well-being; 95% CI = 0.63,0.93 for psychological well-being; 95% CI = 0.39,0.40 for spiritual well-being.

Statistical Significance

p<0.05

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1371/journal.pone.0314666

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