Alteration of Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity by Retroviral Infection HTLV-1 Infects Brain Endothelial Cells
2008

HTLV-1 Infection and Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption

publication Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Afonso Philippe V., Ozden Simona, Cumont Marie-Christine, Seilhean Danielle, Cartier Luis, Rezaie Payam, Mason Sarah, Lambert Sophie, Huerre Michel, Gessain Antoine, Couraud Pierre-Olivier, Pique Claudine, Ceccaldi Pierre-Emmanuel, Romero Ignacio A.

Primary Institution: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France

Hypothesis

Are human cerebral endothelial cells susceptible to HTLV-1 infection and how does this affect blood-brain barrier integrity?

Conclusion

HTLV-1 infection of human cerebral endothelial cells leads to increased permeability and dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier.

Supporting Evidence

  • Human cerebral endothelial cells express receptors for HTLV-1.
  • HTLV-1 infection alters the expression of tight-junction proteins in endothelial cells.
  • Infection leads to increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier.
  • HTLV-1 can be detected in the vasculature of HAM/TSP patients.
  • Endothelial cells can produce infectious viral particles after HTLV-1 infection.

Takeaway

This study shows that a virus called HTLV-1 can infect cells that make up the blood-brain barrier, which helps protect the brain, and this infection can make it easier for other harmful things to get into the brain.

Methodology

The study used both in vitro and ex vivo methods to investigate the infection of human brain endothelial cells by HTLV-1 and its effects on blood-brain barrier function.

Limitations

The detection of HTLV-1 in endothelial cells was challenging due to the rarity of patient samples and the immune response against the virus.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1371/journal.ppat.1000205

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