Socioeconomic inequalities in high-risk fertility behaviors over time in Ethiopia
2024

Socioeconomic Inequalities in High-Risk Fertility Behaviors in Ethiopia

Sample size: 11663 publication 10 minutes Evidence: high

Author Information

Author(s): Asresie Melash Belachew, Ekholuenetale Michael, Ahmed Kedir Y., Mistry Sabuj Kanti, Chandio Navira, Agho Kingsley, Fekadu Gedefaw Abeje, Arora Amit

Primary Institution: Department of Reproductive Health and Population Studies, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

Hypothesis

This study aimed to examine changes in socioeconomic-related inequality in high-risk fertility behaviors (HRFB) and its contributing factors over time.

Conclusion

The study found that socioeconomic disparities in high-risk fertility behaviors among women in Ethiopia have widened from 2005 to 2019.

Supporting Evidence

  • The concentration curve for HRFB remained above the equality line, indicating a disproportionate concentration among socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals.
  • In 2019, educational status and place of birth were significant contributors to HRFB inequality.
  • Contraceptive use and wealth index emerged as additional factors explaining HRFB inequality in 2019.
  • The pro-poor ECI widened from -0.0682 in 2005 to -0.2634 in 2019.
  • Women with no formal education experienced a higher prevalence of HRFB compared to those with higher education.
  • Home births were more common among women from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, contributing to HRFB.
  • Disparities in HRFB were observed across different regions and religious groups in Ethiopia.
  • Future interventions should prioritize women with low or no formal education and those who do not use contraceptives.

Takeaway

The study shows that women from poorer backgrounds are more likely to have risky pregnancies, and this problem has gotten worse over time.

Methodology

The study analyzed data from the 2005 and 2019 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Surveys, using Erreygers Concentration index and decomposition analysis.

Potential Biases

Self-reported data may lead to subjective bias in assessing socioeconomic status and high-risk fertility behaviors.

Limitations

The study's reliance on self-reported data may introduce bias, and some important variables were not included in the analysis.

Participant Demographics

The study included women aged 15 to 49 years who had given birth within the last five years, with a focus on socioeconomic status.

Statistical Information

P-Value

<0.001

Confidence Interval

95% CI: -0.3365, -0.1903

Statistical Significance

p<0.001

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1371/journal.pone.0313028

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