Alzheimer’s disease and antibody-mediated immune responses to infectious diseases agents: a mendelian randomization study
2025

Alzheimer's Disease and Antibodies: A Study on Immune Responses

Sample size: 11733 publication Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Zhang Jiayuan, Wang Mingming, Wang Dong, Deng Linwen, Peng Yao

Hypothesis

Is there a causal link between antibody-mediated immune responses to infectious disease agents and the risk of Alzheimer's disease?

Conclusion

The study found that certain antibodies may protect against Alzheimer's disease, while others may increase the risk.

Supporting Evidence

  • Varicella zoster virus glycoproteins E and I antibody levels are associated with a reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease.
  • Higher levels of Epstein-Barr virus EBNA-1 antibody are linked to an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease.

Takeaway

Some antibodies can help protect against Alzheimer's disease, while others might make it more likely to happen.

Methodology

A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted using genetic data from the UK Biobank and Finnish databases.

Potential Biases

The study did not exclude SNPs from the HLA region, which may influence AD risk.

Limitations

The study's findings may not be generalizable due to the population being predominantly of European ancestry and the potential for variability in antibody levels.

Participant Demographics

The study primarily involved individuals of European ancestry.

Statistical Information

P-Value

p<0.001

Confidence Interval

OR=0.8481 (CI: 0.8007–0.8983) for protective association; OR=1.0822 (CI: 1.0362–1.1303) for increased risk.

Statistical Significance

p<0.001

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1186/s41065-024-00358-4

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