From parasite to mutualist: Rapid evolution of Wolbachia in natural populations of Drosophila
2007

Rapid Evolution of Wolbachia in Drosophila

Sample size: 654 publication Evidence: high

Author Information

Author(s): Andrew R. Weeks, Michael Turelli, William R. Harcombe, K. Tracy Reynolds, Ary A. Hoffmann

Primary Institution: University of Melbourne

Hypothesis

Wolbachia will evolve from a parasitic to a mutualistic relationship with its Drosophila host over time.

Conclusion

Wolbachia in California Drosophila simulans have evolved to provide a fecundity advantage to infected females in less than 20 years.

Supporting Evidence

  • Wolbachia-infected females now exhibit a 10% fecundity advantage over uninfected females.
  • The infection spread rapidly through California populations of Drosophila simulans.
  • Laboratory assays showed a significant increase in fecundity associated with Wolbachia infection.
  • Changes in the genome of Wolbachia are responsible for the increased fecundity.

Takeaway

A tiny germ called Wolbachia that lives inside fruit flies has changed from being a bad guy to a good guy, helping the flies lay more eggs over 20 years.

Methodology

The study involved monitoring Wolbachia infection spread and conducting fecundity assays in laboratory and field settings over 20 years.

Limitations

The study did not directly measure field maternal transmission rates of the Wolbachia infection.

Participant Demographics

Drosophila simulans collected from four locations in California.

Statistical Information

P-Value

p = 0.005

Confidence Interval

95% bCI 2.6% to 18.2%

Statistical Significance

p<0.05

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1371/journal.pbio.0050114

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