Reduced seed viability in exchange for transgenerational plant protection in an endophyte-symbiotic grass: does the defensive mutualism concept pass the fitness test?
2024

Seed Viability and Plant Protection in Endophyte-Symbiotic Grass

Sample size: 36 publication 10 minutes Evidence: high

Author Information

Author(s): Benjamin Fuchs, Annelie Damerau, Baoru Yang, Anne Muola

Primary Institution: University of Turku

Hypothesis

Defoliation throughout the growing season induces alkaloid concentrations and chlorophyll activity in leaves and seeds of endophyte-symbiotic plants, causes a reduction in the seed set and germination rate in defoliated endophyte-symbiotic plants, and increases the herbivore resistance of endophyte-symbiotic progeny plants.

Conclusion

Defoliation leads to higher alkaloid levels in seeds, which protects progeny from herbivores but reduces seed viability.

Supporting Evidence

  • Defoliation reduced seed viability and germination rates in endophyte-symbiotic plants.
  • Seeds from defoliated plants had higher alkaloid concentrations but lower germination rates.
  • Progeny from defoliated plants showed better protection against aphids due to higher alkaloid levels.

Takeaway

When grass plants are eaten by herbivores, they can make their seeds more toxic to protect their babies, but this can make the seeds less likely to grow.

Methodology

Field and greenhouse studies were conducted to assess the effects of defoliation and endophyte symbiosis on plant performance, alkaloid concentrations, seed biomass, and germination rates.

Limitations

The study was conducted in a controlled environment, which may not fully represent natural conditions.

Statistical Information

P-Value

p<0.001

Statistical Significance

p<0.05

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1093/aob/mcae133

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