Human Helminth Co-Infection: Analysis of Spatial Patterns and Risk Factors in a Brazilian Community
2008

Risk Factors for Helminth Co-Infection in Brazil

Sample size: 1208 publication 10 minutes Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Pullan Rachel L., Bethony Jeffrey M., Geiger Stefan M., Cundill Bonnie, Correa-Oliveira Rodrigo, Quinnell Rupert J., Brooker Simon

Primary Institution: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine

Hypothesis

What household and environmental factors influence the risk of helminth co-infection in a Brazilian community?

Conclusion

The study found that the risk of co-infection with Necator americanus and Schistosoma mansoni is influenced by socio-economic status and household crowding, but many factors remain unexplained.

Supporting Evidence

  • 71.1% of individuals were infected with N. americanus and 50.3% with S. mansoni.
  • 41.0% of individuals were co-infected with both helminths.
  • Co-infection prevalence varied significantly across households.

Takeaway

In Brazil, many people can get sick from two types of worms at the same time, and where they live and how much money they have can make a difference.

Methodology

The study used cross-sectional surveys combining parasitological and socio-economic data with geographical information system analysis.

Potential Biases

Potential biases include reliance on self-reported socio-economic data and the exclusion of some households from analysis.

Limitations

The study could not account for all variability in co-infection risk, suggesting other factors may be involved.

Participant Demographics

Participants were residents of a rural community in southeastern Brazil, with a majority involved in subsistence farming.

Statistical Information

P-Value

p<0.001

Statistical Significance

p<0.001

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1371/journal.pntd.0000352

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