Prevalence and Patterns of Substance Use in West Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
2024

Substance Use in West Africa: A Review

Sample size: 43145 publication 10 minutes Evidence: high

Author Information

Author(s): Emmanuel Godwin Omokhagbo, Akinsolu Folahanmi Tomiwa, Abodunrin Olunike Rebecca, Ezechi Oliver Chukwujekwu

Primary Institution: Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria

Hypothesis

What are the prevalence and patterns of substance use in West Africa?

Conclusion

Substance use in West Africa is widespread and influenced by complex factors, necessitating targeted public health interventions.

Supporting Evidence

  • The pooled prevalence of alcohol use was found to be 44%.
  • Tramadol abuse was reported at a prevalence of 30%.
  • Cannabis use prevalence was reported at 6%.
  • Codeine use prevalence was found to be 11%.
  • Kolanut use was prevalent at 39%.

Takeaway

Many people in West Africa use substances like alcohol and tramadol, and this can lead to serious health problems. We need to help them with better education and support.

Methodology

A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines, analyzing data from 22 studies.

Potential Biases

Most studies had a low risk of bias, but one study was classified as having a moderate risk.

Limitations

The geographic concentration on Nigeria and Ghana limits generalizability, and high heterogeneity across studies may affect consistency.

Participant Demographics

Participants included various age groups, with a significant focus on students and vulnerable populations like internally displaced persons.

Statistical Information

Confidence Interval

95% CI; 34–54%

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1371/journal.pgph.0004019

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