Investigating a Rabies Outbreak in the Philippines
Author Information
Author(s): Yuson Mirava, Bautista Criselda T., Rees Eleanor M., Bogaardt Carlijn, Cruz Van Denn D., Durrant Rowan, Formstone Anna, Manalo Daria L., Manzanilla Duane R., Kundergorski Mikolaj, Nacion Leilanie, Aloyon Hannaniah, Bolivar Jude Karlo, Bondoc Jeromir, Cobbold Christina, Panganiban Efraim, Telmo Shynie Vee. M., Maestro Jobin, Miranda Mary Elizabeth G., Chng Nai Rui, Brunker Kirstyn, Hampson Katie
Primary Institution: University of Glasgow
Hypothesis
Can combining genomics and epidemiology enhance rabies surveillance and control in a previously rabies-free area?
Conclusion
The study found that improved surveillance tools can help manage rabies outbreaks and support the goal of eliminating dog-mediated human rabies.
Supporting Evidence
- Rabies is a viral zoonosis that kills thousands of people annually in low- and middle-income countries.
- The outbreak was seeded by at least three independent human-mediated introductions.
- Considerable local transmission went undetected, leading to two human deaths.
- Suspension of routine dog vaccination due to COVID-19 restrictions likely facilitated rabies spread.
- Strengthened surveillance using IBCM and WGS can support One Health initiatives.
- Emergency response measures were implemented but were insufficient to contain the outbreak.
Takeaway
This study looked at how scientists used new tools to find and stop rabies from spreading in a place that used to be free of it.
Methodology
The study used Integrated Bite Case Management (IBCM) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) to enhance rabies surveillance.
Potential Biases
Potential biases in reporting and sample collection due to the stigma associated with rabies and cultural practices.
Limitations
The study faced challenges due to COVID-19 restrictions, which affected training and implementation of surveillance tools.
Participant Demographics
The study involved various municipalities in Romblon Province, Philippines, with a focus on dog and human interactions.
Statistical Information
P-Value
0.03
Confidence Interval
95% CI: 0.14–3.36 days
Statistical Significance
p<0.05
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
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