Blood-based biomarkers and plasma Aβ assays in the differential diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease and behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia
2024

Blood Tests for Differentiating Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia

Sample size: 58 publication 10 minutes Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Mohaupt Pablo, Kindermans Jana, Vialaret Jérôme, Anderl-Straub Sarah, Werner Leonie, Lehmann Sylvain, Hirtz Christophe, Otto Markus, Oeckl Patrick

Primary Institution: Ulm University Hospital

Hypothesis

Can blood-based biomarkers effectively differentiate between Alzheimer's disease and behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia?

Conclusion

The study found that combining pTau181 and GFAP is a strong strategy for differentiating Alzheimer's disease from behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia using blood tests.

Supporting Evidence

  • The novel IP-MS assay showed an AUC of 0.82 for differentiating AD from controls.
  • Combining pTau181 and GFAP achieved an AUC of 0.94 for differentiating AD from bvFTD.
  • Aβ biomarkers provided limited utility in distinguishing AD from bvFTD.

Takeaway

Doctors can use blood tests to tell if someone has Alzheimer's or a different kind of dementia, which helps in giving the right treatment.

Methodology

The study used a novel assay combining immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry to measure blood biomarkers in patients with Alzheimer's disease, behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia, and non-neurodegenerative controls.

Limitations

The study had a small sample size and lacked CSF biomarker data for some participants.

Participant Demographics

{"AD":{"n":18,"age":"67 [61–73]","sex_ratio":"11 male / 7 female"},"NNC":{"n":12,"age":"71 [59–74]","sex_ratio":"5 male / 7 female"},"bvFTD":{"n":20,"age":"63 [59–67]","sex_ratio":"13 male / 7 female"}}

Statistical Information

P-Value

{"CSF_Aβ42":"<0.0001","CSF_t-tau":"<0.001","CSF_p-tau181":"<0.05","Plasma_GFAP":"<0.001","Plasma_NfL":"<0.01","Plasma_pTau-181":"<0.0001"}

Confidence Interval

{"pTau181":"0.90 (95% CI: 0.78–1.00)","GFAP":"0.85 (95% CI: 0.72–0.99)","Aβ42/40_ratio":"0.82 (95% CI: 0.67–0.97)"}

Statistical Significance

p<0.05

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1186/s13195-024-01647-w

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