Risk factors for oral and pharyngeal cancer in women: a study from Italy and Switzerland
2000
Risk factors for oral and pharyngeal cancer in women
Sample size: 1308
publication
Evidence: moderate
Author Information
Author(s): Bosetti C, Negri E, Franceschi S, Conti E, Levi F, Tomei F, Vecchia C La
Primary Institution: Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ‘Mario Negri’
Hypothesis
What are the risk factors for oral and pharyngeal cancer in women from Italy and Switzerland?
Conclusion
Heavy smoking and high alcohol intake significantly increase the risk of oral and pharyngeal cancers in women.
Supporting Evidence
- Heavy smokers had a multivariate odds ratio of 4.6 for developing oral and pharyngeal cancers.
- High alcohol intake was associated with a multivariate odds ratio of 2.7.
- Consumption of vegetables, fruit, β-carotene, and wholegrain foods was inversely related to cancer risk.
- Butter and retinol were directly related to an increased risk of cancer.
Takeaway
Women who smoke a lot or drink a lot of alcohol are more likely to get mouth and throat cancer. Eating fruits and vegetables can help lower that risk.
Methodology
The study analyzed two case-control studies involving women from Italy and Switzerland.
Participant Demographics
Women from Italy and Switzerland.
Statistical Information
Statistical Significance
p<0.05
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
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