Impaired HCV-specific T cell responses and recurrent HCV in HIV coinfection
2006

HIV Infection and Hepatitis C Control

Sample size: 94 publication Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Kim Arthur Y, Schulze zur Wiesch Julian, Kuntzen Thomas, Timm Joerg, Kaufmann Daniel E, Duncan Jared E, Jones Andrea M, Wurcel Alysse G, Davis Benjamin T, Gandhi Rajesh T, Robbins Gregory K, Allen Todd M, Chung Raymond T, Lauer Georg M, Walker Bruce D

Primary Institution: Partners AIDS Research Center and Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Hypothesis

How does HIV infection affect the immune response to hepatitis C virus (HCV) in coinfected patients?

Conclusion

HIV infection impairs the immune response to HCV, increasing the risk of recurrent HCV viremia even in individuals who have previously cleared the virus.

Supporting Evidence

  • Among 47 HCV/HIV-1-coinfected individuals, spontaneous control of HCV was associated with more frequent HCV-specific lymphoproliferative responses (35%).
  • Six of 25 coinfected individuals with prior control of HCV experienced recurrence of HCV viremia.
  • The magnitude of HCV viremia following recurrence inversely correlated with the CD4 count at the time of breakthrough.

Takeaway

People with both HIV and hepatitis C have a harder time fighting off the hepatitis C virus, which can come back even after it seems to be gone.

Methodology

The study measured T cell responses in a cohort of HCV-infected individuals with and without HIV, focusing on lymphoproliferation and interferon-γ responses.

Potential Biases

Potential underreporting of risk factors for HCV transmission.

Limitations

The study did not follow patients long enough to determine the long-term consequences of HCV recurrence.

Participant Demographics

Participants included 94 individuals, with 47 being HIV/HCV coinfected.

Statistical Information

P-Value

p = 0.016

Statistical Significance

p<0.05

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1371/journal.pmed.0030492

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