The Biological Basis of a Universal Constraint on Color Naming: Cone Contrasts and the Two-Way Categorization of Colors
2011

The Biological Basis of a Universal Constraint on Color Naming

Sample size: 320 publication Evidence: high

Author Information

Author(s): Youping Xiao, Christopher Kavanau, Lauren Bertin, Ehud Kaplan

Primary Institution: The Neuroscience Department and the Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America

Hypothesis

The study investigates the biological basis of universal constraints on color naming across different languages.

Conclusion

The results establish a direct link between a universal constraint on color naming and the cone-specific information represented in the primate early visual system.

Supporting Evidence

  • The study found that color-naming palettes are not randomly distributed in color space.
  • Statistical analysis showed that the two-way categorization of colors is correlated with L-M cone contrast.
  • Imaging of macaque V1 responses indicated that color responses cluster according to the sign of L-M contrast.

Takeaway

This study shows that how we name colors is influenced by how our eyes perceive them, especially the way certain colors are grouped together.

Methodology

The study used statistical analyses of color naming data from the World Color Survey and imaging of neural responses in macaque primary visual cortex.

Limitations

The study's findings may not apply universally to all languages, as some may have color palettes that straddle the identified 'warm/cool' border.

Participant Demographics

Participants were informants from pre-industrial societies with unwritten languages.

Statistical Information

P-Value

p<0.005

Statistical Significance

p<0.005

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1371/journal.pone.0024994

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