Benzophenone-3 Exposure in the U.S. Population
Author Information
Author(s): Antonia M. Calafat, Lee-Yang Wong, Xiaoyun Ye, John A. Reidy, Larry L. Needham
Primary Institution: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Hypothesis
What are the levels of exposure to benzophenone-3 in the U.S. general population?
Conclusion
Exposure to benzophenone-3 was prevalent in the general U.S. population during 2003–2004, with significant differences observed by sex and race/ethnicity.
Supporting Evidence
- BP-3 was detected in 96.8% of urine samples.
- Geometric mean concentration of BP-3 was 22.9 μg/L.
- Females had significantly higher BP-3 concentrations than males.
- Non-Hispanic whites had higher BP-3 concentrations than non-Hispanic blacks.
Takeaway
Most people in the U.S. had benzophenone-3 in their urine, which comes from using products like sunscreen. Girls and white people had higher levels than boys and black people.
Methodology
Analyzed 2,517 urine samples using automated solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.
Potential Biases
Potential bias in self-reported data regarding product use.
Limitations
The study may not account for all potential sources of exposure to benzophenone-3.
Participant Demographics
U.S. general population aged 6 years and older, stratified by age, sex, and race/ethnicity.
Statistical Information
P-Value
p ≤ 0.01
Confidence Interval
95% CI, 1.9–6.5 for females; 95% CI, 2.9–16.2 for non-Hispanic whites
Statistical Significance
p ≤ 0.04
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
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