Urinary Cadmium and Hormone Levels in US Men
Author Information
Author(s): Menke Andy, Guallar Eliseo, Shiels Meredith S, Rohrmann Sabine, Basaria Shehzad, Rifai Nader, Nelson William G, Platz Elizabeth A
Primary Institution: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Hypothesis
Is there an association between urinary cadmium levels and sex steroid hormone concentrations in adult men?
Conclusion
Urinary cadmium levels were not associated with sex steroid hormone concentrations in a large nationally representative sample of US men.
Supporting Evidence
- Higher cadmium levels were associated with higher testosterone and estradiol levels before adjusting for smoking.
- After adjusting for smoking, no significant associations were found between cadmium and hormone levels.
- Among never smokers, there was a marginally significant negative association between cadmium and testosterone.
Takeaway
The study looked at whether cadmium in urine affects hormone levels in men, and found that it doesn't really have an effect.
Methodology
The study measured urinary cadmium and hormone levels in a representative sample of US men using standardized protocols.
Potential Biases
Potential residual confounding from smoking and other lifestyle factors.
Limitations
The study's findings may not apply to higher levels of cadmium exposure and were based on single measures of hormones and cadmium.
Participant Demographics
Men aged 20 years and older from a nationally representative sample.
Statistical Information
Statistical Significance
p<0.05
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
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