Exposure of Domestic Mammals to West Nile Virus during an Outbreak of Human Encephalitis, New York City, 1999
2001

West Nile Virus in New York City

Sample size: 274 publication Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Nicholas Komar, Nicholas A. Panella, Edward Boyce

Primary Institution: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Hypothesis

Is West Nile virus present in domestic mammals in New York City following the 1999 outbreak?

Conclusion

The study found that approximately 5% of horses and 10% of dogs tested positive for West Nile virus antibodies, suggesting these animals can serve as sentinels for human infection.

Supporting Evidence

  • 2% of horses and 5% of dogs tested positive for West Nile virus antibodies.
  • More dogs were exposed in the youngest age category than in older categories.
  • Stray dogs had a higher seroprevalence than pets, although not significantly.

Takeaway

Some dogs and horses in New York City had antibodies for West Nile virus, which means they were exposed to it, and this could help us understand the risk for humans.

Methodology

Serum samples were collected from healthy horses, stray dogs, and privately owned dogs and cats, and tested for neutralizing antibodies to West Nile virus.

Potential Biases

Potential bias due to the sampling method and the stray status of dogs.

Limitations

Cats were not adequately sampled to determine valid seroprevalence figures.

Participant Demographics

Samples were collected from healthy stabled horses, stray dogs, and privately owned dogs and cats in New York City.

Statistical Information

P-Value

0.026

Confidence Interval

[2.6-9.5]

Statistical Significance

p<0.05

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