Shifting Pleistocene Antarctic Circumpolar Current
2025

Shifting Antarctic Circumpolar Current over the past 1.9 million years

publication Evidence: high

Author Information

Author(s): Aidan Starr, Ian R. Hall, Stephen Barker, Alexandra Nederbragt, Lindsey Owen, Sidney R. Hemming

Primary Institution: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University

Hypothesis

How has the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) changed over the past 1.9 million years?

Conclusion

The study shows that shifts in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current are closely linked to Southern Ocean upwelling during warm intervals in Earth's past.

Supporting Evidence

  • Reconstructed flow speed variability reveals systematic glacial-interglacial variations in the strength of ACC jets.
  • Warmer-than-present 'super-interglacials' show a slowdown in midlatitude ACC flow.
  • Poleward strengthening of the ACC is implied by faster flow at higher latitudes.

Takeaway

The Antarctic Circumpolar Current, the world's largest ocean current, has changed its flow patterns over millions of years, affecting how carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere rise and fall.

Methodology

The study reconstructed near-bottom flow speed variability in the Southern Ocean using sediment core samples and analyzed stable carbon isotope gradients.

Limitations

The reconstruction is limited to specific sediment core sites, which may not capture the full variability of the ACC.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1126/sciadv.adp1692

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