Early Kidney Damage in a Population Exposed to Cadmium and Other Heavy Metals
2009

Early Kidney Damage from Cadmium Exposure

Sample size: 180 publication 10 minutes Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Laura D. K. Thomas, Susan Hodgson, Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, Lars Jarup

Primary Institution: Imperial College London

Hypothesis

Does exposure to cadmium and other heavy metals lead to early signs of kidney damage in the Avonmouth population?

Conclusion

The study found a significant relationship between cadmium levels and early kidney damage, indicating a need for measures to reduce environmental cadmium exposure.

Supporting Evidence

  • Median U-Cd concentrations were found to be 0.22 nmol/mmol creatinine in non-smoking men.
  • There was a significant dose–response relationship between U-Cd and the prevalence of early renal damage.
  • The study identified women as a particularly susceptible group to cadmium exposure.

Takeaway

People living near a zinc smelter may have kidney damage from cadmium exposure, and we need to do something about it.

Methodology

The study analyzed urine samples for cadmium and biomarkers of kidney damage from a population living near a smelter.

Potential Biases

Potential misclassification of exposure due to reliance on current residential address.

Limitations

The study may not fully account for other nephrotoxic metals and relied on self-reported data for some exposure pathways.

Participant Demographics

The sample included 180 adults (74 men, 106 women) with varying smoking statuses.

Statistical Information

P-Value

0.045

Confidence Interval

95% CI, 0.70–9.97 and 95% CI, 0.98–13.5

Statistical Significance

p<0.05

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1289/ehp.11641

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