An Observational Study of the Secondary Effects of a Local Smoke-Free Ordinance
2011

Effects of a Smoke-Free Ordinance in Madison, Wisconsin

Sample size: 1302 publication 10 minutes Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Williamson Amy A., Fox Brion J., Creswell Paul D., Kuang Xiaodong, Remington Patrick L., Ceglarek Sudakshina L., Brower Aaron M.

Primary Institution: University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center

Hypothesis

Is the enactment of the Madison smoke-free ordinance associated with changes in public disturbances and smoking and drinking behaviors?

Conclusion

The study found little evidence of secondary effects from the smoke-free ordinance, suggesting that its health benefits outweigh potential harms.

Supporting Evidence

  • Public disturbances related to high-risk drinking decreased post-ordinance.
  • Student smoking rates dropped from 23% in 2005 to 16% in 2007.
  • Bar-going among smokers decreased from 84% in 2005 to 70% in 2007.
  • Support for smoke-free policies increased among residents.
  • Frequent binge drinking among students decreased from 36% to 30%.

Takeaway

The smoke-free law in Madison didn't cause more noise or drinking problems, and fewer students started smoking.

Methodology

The study used police records, key informant interviews, a community survey, and a student survey to evaluate the ordinance's effects.

Potential Biases

Potential bias from self-reported data in surveys and the limited response rates.

Limitations

The study design does not allow for clear causation determination and lacks extensive economic impact analysis.

Participant Demographics

The study included adults from Madison and university students.

Statistical Information

P-Value

<.001

Statistical Significance

p<0.05

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