Determinants of Tobacco Use in Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Author Information
Author(s): Alam Ali Yawar, Iqbal Azhar, Mohamud Khalif Bile, Laporte Ronald E, Ahmed Ashfaq, Nishtar Sania
Primary Institution: Community Health Sciences, Shifa College of Medicine
Hypothesis
What are the socio-economic and demographic factors that influence tobacco use in Rawalpindi, Pakistan?
Conclusion
Tobacco use is positively associated with rural residence, male gender, and low education levels.
Supporting Evidence
- 16.5% of the study population used tobacco daily, with higher rates in men (33%) than women (4.7%).
- Tobacco use was more prevalent in rural areas (21%) compared to urban areas (12.2%).
- Illiteracy was significantly associated with tobacco use.
Takeaway
This study found that more men and people living in rural areas smoke tobacco, especially those with less education.
Methodology
Cross-sectional survey with 2018 respondents, including males and females aged 18-65, conducted through face-to-face interviews.
Potential Biases
Potential selection bias due to the sampling method that included only one respondent per household.
Limitations
The study was limited to Rawalpindi, which may not represent other regions of Pakistan, and only one person was selected from each household.
Participant Demographics
Participants included 1038 from rural areas and 980 from urban areas, with a mean age of 39.4 years; 41.7% were male.
Statistical Information
P-Value
0.01
Confidence Interval
95% CI 1.1 2.0
Statistical Significance
p<0.05
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
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