Hypernatremia in Hyperglycemic Crisis
Author Information
Author(s): Ekpebegh Chukwuma O, Longo-Mbenza Benjamin, Nge-Okwe Augustin, Ogbera Anthonia O, Tonjeni Nomawethu T
Primary Institution: Walter Sisulu University/Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital
Hypothesis
What factors are associated with hypernatremia in patients presenting with hyperglycemic crisis?
Conclusion
Hypernatremia is prevalent in hyperglycemic crisis admissions, particularly among older patients, those with altered consciousness, and newly diagnosed diabetes.
Supporting Evidence
- The prevalence of hypernatremia was found to be 11.7% among admissions for hyperglycemic crisis.
- All hypernatremic admissions met the criteria for hyperosmolality.
- Age ≥ 60 years was associated with a 3.9 times higher risk of hypernatremia.
- Altered level of consciousness increased the risk of hypernatremia by 8.8 times.
- A new diagnosis of diabetes was associated with a 3.7 times higher risk of hypernatremia.
Takeaway
This study found that many people with high blood sugar also had high sodium levels, especially older people or those who were confused.
Methodology
Retrospective review of hospital records for hyperglycemic crisis admissions over two years.
Limitations
The study's retrospective design and reliance on calculated serum osmolality rather than direct measurement may underestimate true osmolality.
Participant Demographics
171 females and 102 males, predominantly from a rural population in South Africa.
Statistical Information
P-Value
0.018, <0.001, 0.025
Confidence Interval
1.3-12.3, 2.3-32.8, 1.2-11.5
Statistical Significance
p<0.05
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
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