Inconspicuous breeding coloration to conceal eggs during mouthbrooding in male cardinalfish
2024

Male Cardinalfish Use Color to Hide Their Eggs

Sample size: 12 publication 10 minutes Evidence: high

Author Information

Author(s): Ishihara Hikaru, Kanda Shinji

Primary Institution: Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo

Hypothesis

The whitish coloration of the lower jaw in male cardinalfish serves to maintain optimal camouflage during mouthbrooding.

Conclusion

Male spotnape cardinalfish have a whitish lower jaw that conceals the coloration of eggs during mouthbrooding, which may help reduce predation risk.

Supporting Evidence

  • Male cardinalfish exhibit a male-specific whitish lower jaw that reduces the visibility of eggs.
  • The whitish lower jaw is induced by androgens during the breeding season.
  • Iridophores in the lower jaw contribute to the male-specific coloration.
  • Statistical analysis showed significant differences in transparency between male and female lower jaws.
  • Artificially implanted eggs in male mouths did not reflect their coloration, unlike in females.

Takeaway

Male cardinalfish have a special white color in their lower jaw that helps them hide their eggs in their mouth so predators can't see them.

Methodology

The study involved observing the morphology of male and female cardinalfish, artificial implantation of eggs, and histological analysis to identify iridophores.

Limitations

The study could not directly prove that the whitish coloration increases fitness in terms of survival against predators.

Participant Demographics

The study focused on male and female spotnape cardinalfish (Ostorhinchus notatus) and other related species.

Statistical Information

P-Value

p<0.01

Statistical Significance

p<0.01

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1016/j.isci.2024.111490

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