Empathy-related abnormalities among women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder: clinical and functional magnetic resonance imaging study
2024

Empathy Issues in Women with PMDD

Sample size: 52 publication 10 minutes Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Lerner Yulia, Raz Gal, Bloch Miki, Krasnoshtein Michael, Tevet Michal, Hendler Talma, Tene Oren

Primary Institution: Sagol Brain Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel

Hypothesis

This study aims to explore affective and cognitive empathy in women with PMDD during the luteal phase of their menstrual cycle.

Conclusion

Women with PMDD exhibit enhanced affective empathy and reduced cognitive empathy, similar to patterns observed in major depression.

Supporting Evidence

  • Patients with PMDD showed lower cognitive empathy scores compared to healthy controls.
  • PMDD patients exhibited higher levels of personal distress, indicating enhanced affective empathy.
  • Neural synchrony in the anterior insula and anterior cingulate cortex was higher in PMDD patients.
  • Functional connectivity within the cognitive empathy network increased during emotional moments for PMDD patients.

Takeaway

Women with PMDD feel more empathy for others' feelings but struggle to understand their perspectives, especially during certain times in their menstrual cycle.

Methodology

The study involved 32 women with PMDD and 20 healthy controls, using fMRI to assess neural responses while watching an empathy-inducing movie.

Potential Biases

Potential biases due to the small sample size and the specific emotional response elicited by the chosen movie.

Limitations

The sample size was relatively small, and results may not generalize to other menstrual phases.

Participant Demographics

Women aged 19-48, with a mean age of 33.3 years for PMDD patients and 32.1 years for controls.

Statistical Information

P-Value

p<0.01

Statistical Significance

p<0.01

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1192/bjo.2024.723

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