Detection of Inferred CCR5- and CXCR4-Using HIV-1 Variants and Evolutionary Intermediates Using Ultra-Deep Pyrosequencing
2011

Detecting HIV-1 Variants Using Ultra-Deep Sequencing

Sample size: 8 publication 10 minutes Evidence: high

Author Information

Author(s): Bunnik Evelien M., Swenson Luke C., Edo-Matas Diana, Huang Wei, Dong Winnie, Frantzell Arne, Petropoulos Christos J., Coakley Eoin, Schuitemaker Hanneke, Harrigan P. Richard, van 't Wout Angélique B.

Primary Institution: Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam

Hypothesis

Can ultra-deep sequencing detect HIV-1 variants during the transition from CCR5- to CXCR4-usage?

Conclusion

The study provides the first detailed description of the mutational pathways in HIV-1 during the transition from CCR5- to CXCR4-usage.

Supporting Evidence

  • CXCR4-using variants were detected at least three months prior to their phenotypic detection.
  • Intermediate variants were present at lower frequencies than major variants.
  • Deep sequencing allowed detection of minority variants that would go unnoticed with conventional methods.

Takeaway

Scientists used a special sequencing method to find tiny amounts of a virus that changes how it infects cells, helping us understand how HIV evolves.

Methodology

Ultra-deep sequencing of the V3 loop of the viral envelope was used to analyze PBMC and serum samples from HIV-1-infected individuals.

Potential Biases

Potential biases in detecting low-frequency variants due to sampling methods.

Limitations

The study focused only on the V3 loop and could not investigate other changes in the viral envelope that may influence coreceptor usage.

Participant Demographics

Men who have sex with men, HIV-1 infected, not on antiretroviral therapy.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1371/journal.ppat.1002106

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