Effects of Increased Milking Frequency on Bovine Mammary Gland Gene Expression
Author Information
Author(s): Connor Erin E, Siferd Stephen, Elsasser Theodore H, Evock-Clover Christina M, Van Tassell Curtis P, Sonstegard Tad S, Fernandes Violet M, Capuco Anthony V
Primary Institution: Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory, USDA-ARS
Hypothesis
Increased milking frequency from 2× to 4× daily enhances milk production through changes in gene expression in the bovine mammary gland.
Conclusion
Increased milking frequency leads to changes in gene expression that may enhance milk yield through improved mammary cell proliferation and neovascularization.
Supporting Evidence
- Increased milking frequency resulted in 4.8 kg/d more milk during the first 3 weeks of lactation.
- Gene expression changes were linked to cell proliferation and neovascularization.
- Immunohistochemical analysis showed increased endothelial cell proliferation in cows milked 4× daily.
Takeaway
Milking cows more often can help them produce more milk by changing how their body works at the cellular level.
Methodology
The study used SAGE and microarray analysis to assess gene expression in mammary glands of cows milked 2× daily versus 4× daily.
Potential Biases
Potential biases may arise from the specific selection of cows and the experimental design.
Limitations
The study's findings may not be generalizable beyond the specific conditions and sample sizes used.
Participant Demographics
Multiparous Holstein cows were used in the study.
Statistical Information
P-Value
p<0.05
Statistical Significance
p<0.05
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
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