Evaluation of the Queensland JEV vaccine program response to the 2022 Australian outbreak
2024

Evaluation of the Queensland JEV Vaccine Program Response to the 2022 Australian Outbreak

Sample size: 5 publication 10 minutes Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Misan Angus, Lambert Stephen B., Phung Hai, Young Megan K.

Primary Institution: Griffith University

Hypothesis

How effective was the Queensland JEV vaccination program in response to the 2022 outbreak?

Conclusion

The vaccination program was limited by reliance on general practitioners and geographical challenges, but targeted vaccination remains crucial for high-risk populations.

Supporting Evidence

  • 45 human cases of JE were reported during the outbreak, with seven fatalities.
  • Vaccine coverage ranged from 0 to 7.4 doses per 100 people after 12 months.
  • The highest vaccine uptake was in southern Queensland, where most commercial pigs are located.
  • Three of the five human cases had occupational outdoor risk and local travel-related exposure.
  • Challenges included geographical distribution and reliance on general practitioners for vaccine administration.

Takeaway

In 2022, a serious outbreak of Japanese encephalitis happened in Australia, and a vaccination program was set up to help protect people at risk, but it faced some challenges.

Methodology

A mixed methods approach including geospatial mapping, case series analysis, and interviews with health staff.

Potential Biases

Reliance on general practitioners for vaccine administration may have biased access and uptake.

Limitations

True rates of vaccine coverage could not be calculated due to limitations in the datasets.

Participant Demographics

The study included five human cases of JE, with varying ages and occupations.

Statistical Information

P-Value

<0.001

Statistical Significance

p<0.001

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1017/S0950268824001730

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