Studying the Spread of Plague in Madagascar
Author Information
Author(s): Amy J. Vogler, Fabien Chan, David M. Wagner, Philippe Roumagnac, Judy Lee, Roxanne Nera, Mark Eppinger, Jacques Ravel, Lila Rahalison, Bruno W. Rasoamanana, Stephen M. Beckstrom-Sternberg, Mark Achtman, Suzanne Chanteau, Paul Keim
Primary Institution: Northern Arizona University
Hypothesis
What are the geographic-genetic patterns of Yersinia pestis in Madagascar?
Conclusion
Yersinia pestis is maintained in multiple genetically distinct subpopulations in Madagascar, influenced by both natural cycles and human activity.
Supporting Evidence
- Plague has been a significant health problem in Madagascar since its introduction in 1898.
- Two major genetic groups of Y. pestis were identified, further divided into 15 subclades.
- Geographic separation among subclades suggests limited gene flow and local cycling.
- Human activity is likely responsible for long-distance transfers of Y. pestis.
- High levels of VNTR diversity were found among the Malagasy isolates.
Takeaway
Plague in Madagascar is caused by a germ called Yersinia pestis, which lives in different groups in separate areas, and people help it spread.
Methodology
The study analyzed 262 Malagasy isolates using 56 SNPs and a 43-locus MLVA system to identify genetic groups and their geographic distribution.
Potential Biases
Potential bias in the genetic representation of older isolates due to limited sampling.
Limitations
The study may not capture all genetic diversity due to limited sampling from earlier years.
Participant Demographics
Isolates were collected from 25 districts in Madagascar, primarily from human cases.
Statistical Information
P-Value
p<0.0001
Statistical Significance
p<0.0001
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
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