Rate Effects on Timing, Key Velocity, and Finger Kinematics in Piano Performance
2011

Effects of Rate on Piano Performance

Sample size: 4 publication Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Dalla Bella Simone, Palmer Caroline

Primary Institution: Department of Cognitive Psychology, University of Finance and Management, Warsaw, Poland

Hypothesis

Pianists' finger movements would have smaller movement amplitudes and show less anticipation at fast tempi than at slow tempi.

Conclusion

Faster performances led to greater finger heights above the keys, which were related to larger key velocities.

Supporting Evidence

  • Pianists' finger movements were recorded with a motion capture system while they performed melodies from memory at different rates.
  • Pianists' peak finger heights above the keys increased as tempo increased.
  • Greater finger heights may compensate for a speed-accuracy tradeoff.
  • Classification success was higher in pianists with more extensive musical training.

Takeaway

When pianists play faster, they lift their fingers higher above the keys to help them play accurately.

Methodology

Four skilled pianists performed melodies at different tempos while their finger movements were recorded using motion capture techniques.

Limitations

The study involved a small number of pianists and melodies, limiting generalizability.

Participant Demographics

Four skilled adult pianists (mean age 24 years, 3 females and 1 male) with an average of 16.3 years of piano experience.

Statistical Information

P-Value

p<0.05

Statistical Significance

p<0.05

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1371/journal.pone.0020518

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