Early Menopause and Lifestyle Factors
Author Information
Author(s): Mikkelsen Thea F, Graff-Iversen Sidsel, Sundby Johanne, Bjertness Espen
Primary Institution: Institute of General Practice and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
Hypothesis
Is there an association between early menopause and lifestyle factors such as smoking and coffee consumption?
Conclusion
The study found that current smoking is associated with early menopause, and quitting smoking more than 10 years before menopause significantly reduces this risk.
Supporting Evidence
- Current smoking was significantly associated with early menopause.
- Stopping smoking more than 10 years before menopause considerably reduced the risk of early menopause.
- High educational level was negatively associated with early menopause.
Takeaway
Women who smoke are more likely to go through menopause early, but if they stop smoking a long time before menopause, they can lower that risk.
Methodology
The study used logistic regression analyses on a sample of postmenopausal women to examine associations between early menopause and lifestyle factors.
Potential Biases
Potential recall bias regarding the age of menopause and lifestyle factors.
Limitations
The study relied on self-reported data from women aged 59-61, which may not accurately reflect their habits around the time of menopause.
Participant Demographics
Postmenopausal women born in 1940-41 from Oslo, Norway.
Statistical Information
P-Value
0.04
Confidence Interval
95% CI, 1.11–2.28
Statistical Significance
p<0.05
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
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