Optimal Environmental Siting of Future Wind Turbines in the North Sea
2024

Optimal Environmental Siting of Future Wind Turbines in the North Sea

publication Evidence: high

Author Information

Author(s): Li Chen, Steubing Bernhard, Morpurgo Joeri, Tukker Arnold, Mogollón José M.

Primary Institution: Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University

Hypothesis

How can the siting of offshore wind farms in the North Sea be optimized to reduce environmental impacts?

Conclusion

Better siting of offshore wind farms could significantly reduce material and carbon footprints per MWh of electricity produced.

Supporting Evidence

  • Better siting could save up to 65% of steel and 31% of copper per MWh of electricity produced.
  • Nearshore regions have the lowest CO2-eq per MWh due to favorable wind resources.
  • Future technology developments could lead to a 41% reduction in CO2-eq per MWh.

Takeaway

This study shows that where we place wind turbines in the North Sea can make a big difference in how much steel and carbon dioxide they use.

Methodology

The study used a dynamic material flow analysis and life cycle assessment model to evaluate environmental impacts based on geographical factors and future technology developments.

Limitations

The study's modeling of electricity output was simplified and may not account for all variations in wind speed and technology advancements.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1021/acs.est.4c03861

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