Awareness and reported violations of the WHO International Code and Pakistan's national breastfeeding legislation; a descriptive cross-sectional survey
2008

Awareness and Violations of Breastfeeding Legislation in Pakistan

Sample size: 427 publication Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Salasibew Mihretab, Kiani Ayyaz, Faragher Brian, Garner Paul

Primary Institution: Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine

Hypothesis

What is the level of awareness among health professionals regarding Pakistan's national breastfeeding legislation and the WHO International Code?

Conclusion

Most hospital health professionals were unaware of national breastfeeding legislation in Pakistan, and infant formula companies were continuing to flout the ban on gifts, free samples and sponsorship for health staff.

Supporting Evidence

  • 70.5% of health workers were unaware of the national breastfeeding law.
  • 79.6% of health workers were unaware of the International Code.
  • 38.4% of health workers reported receiving gifts from infant formula companies.
  • 15.9% of health workers received free samples of infant formula.
  • 12.4% received sponsorship for training or conferences.

Takeaway

Many doctors and nurses in Pakistan don't know the rules about breastfeeding, and some are still getting gifts and free samples from baby formula companies, which is against the law.

Methodology

Structured interviews were conducted with health staff at 12 urban government hospitals in Pakistan.

Potential Biases

Health workers may have underreported their awareness or receipt of gifts due to social desirability bias.

Limitations

The study was too small to be representative of all urban government hospitals in Pakistan.

Participant Demographics

Mean age of respondents was 29.7 years, with 78.2% female; included paediatricians, obstetricians, nurses, resident doctors, midwives, and lady health visitors.

Statistical Information

Confidence Interval

95% CI 3.12, 15.7

Statistical Significance

p<0.01

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1186/1746-4358-3-24

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