Do Facial Expressions Develop before Birth?
Author Information
Author(s): Reissland Nadja, Francis Brian, Mason James, Lincoln Karen
Primary Institution: University of Durham
Hypothesis
Does the complexity of facial movement increase with fetal age?
Conclusion
The study provides evidence that fetal facial movements become more complex and coordinated as gestational age increases.
Supporting Evidence
- Facial movements coalesce into specific facial gestalts as gestational age increases.
- Recognizable facial expressions were observed to develop between 24 and 35 weeks.
- The complexity of facial movements increased significantly with gestational age.
Takeaway
Scientists looked at how babies move their faces before they are born and found that these movements get more complicated as they grow.
Methodology
The study used 4-D ultrasound to observe and code fetal facial movements in two healthy fetuses at different gestational ages.
Potential Biases
Potential bias in participant selection as mothers were recruited through midwives.
Limitations
The study only included two fetuses, which may limit the generalizability of the findings.
Participant Demographics
Two healthy female fetuses were studied.
Statistical Information
P-Value
p<0.001
Statistical Significance
p<0.001
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
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