Nutritional Quality and Climate Impact of Norwegian Adults’ Diet
Author Information
Author(s): Slaathaug Christine, Paulsen Mari Mohn, Jafarzadeh Sepideh, Carlsen Monica Hauger, Andersen Lene Frost
Primary Institution: University of Oslo
Hypothesis
How do different food processing levels affect energy intake, nutritional quality, and climate impact in Norwegian adults' diets?
Conclusion
Ultra-processed foods contributed to about half of the energy intake of Norwegian adults and had lower nutritional quality compared to minimally processed foods.
Supporting Evidence
- Ultra-processed foods contributed to 48% of total energy intake.
- NOVA 1 foods had the highest nutrient density for protein, fiber, and essential micronutrients.
- UPF accounted for about one-third of the global warming potential from the diet.
- Participants reported consuming 1836 specific food items.
- Mean energy intakes were 10.4 MJ for men and 8.0 MJ for women.
- High intakes of UPF were associated with lower nutritional quality.
- UPF had higher nutrient density for added sugar, fats, and sodium.
- NOVA 1 contributed to 38% of total GWP from the diet.
Takeaway
This study found that many people in Norway eat a lot of ultra-processed foods, which are not very healthy, and these foods also hurt the environment.
Methodology
The study used dietary data from 348 participants collected through two non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls and classified foods using the NOVA system.
Potential Biases
Participants with higher education were overrepresented, which may affect the dietary patterns observed.
Limitations
The study had a low participation rate of 45%, which may limit the generalizability of the results.
Participant Demographics
Participants were aged 18-80, with a mean age of 48 years and a mean BMI of 25.9 kg/m2.
Statistical Information
P-Value
p<0.01
Statistical Significance
p<0.01
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
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