Historical Isolation versus Recent Long-Distance Connections between Europe and Africa in Bifid Toadflaxes (Linaria sect. Versicolores)
2011

Colonization History of Bifid Toadflaxes in the Mediterranean

Sample size: 66 publication Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Fernández-Mazuecos Mario, Vargas Pablo

Primary Institution: Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid, Spain

Hypothesis

What are the historical patterns of colonization between Europe and Africa for the genus Linaria?

Conclusion

The distribution of Linaria sect. Versicolores is shaped by both ancient isolation and recent long-distance dispersal events.

Supporting Evidence

  • The study identified four major clades of bifid toadflaxes, with two clades exclusively containing Iberian samples.
  • Most lineage differentiation occurred during the Pliocene and Quaternary periods.
  • Recent long-distance dispersal events from northern Africa to the Iberian Peninsula, Sicily, and Greece were strongly inferred.

Takeaway

Scientists studied how a plant called bifid toadflaxes moved between Europe and Africa over time, finding that they were separated for a long time but also moved across the sea recently.

Methodology

The study involved sequencing two cpDNA regions from 66 samples and conducting phylogenetic, dating, biogeographic, and phylogeographic analyses.

Potential Biases

Potential biases may arise from the complex taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships within the genus Linaria.

Limitations

The study's conclusions are based on a limited number of sampled populations and species, which may not fully represent the diversity of Linaria.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1371/journal.pone.0022234

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