Diversity, Loss, and Gain of Malaria Parasites in a Globally Invasive Bird
2011

Malaria Parasites in Invasive House Sparrows

Sample size: 1820 publication Evidence: high

Author Information

Author(s): Marzal Alfonso, Ricklefs Robert E., Valkiūnas Gediminas, Albayrak Tamer, Arriero Elena, Bonneaud Camille, Czirják Gábor A., Ewen John, Hellgren Olof, Hořáková Dita, Iezhova Tatjana A., Jensen Henrik, Križanauskienė Asta, Lima Marcos R., de Lope Florentino, Magnussen Eyðfinn, Martin Lynn B., Møller Anders P., Palinauskas Vaidas, Pap Péter L., Pérez-Tris Javier, Sehgal Ravinder N. M., Soler Manuel, Szöllősi Eszter, Westerdahl Helena, Zetindjiev Pavel, Bensch Staffan

Hypothesis

Do house sparrows carry their native parasites to new areas or acquire new local parasites when they invade new continents?

Conclusion

House sparrows in newly colonized areas do not retain their native parasites, which supports the Enemy Release Hypothesis.

Supporting Evidence

  • 31.6% of house sparrows were infected by Plasmodium spp.
  • 4.8% were infected by Haemoproteus spp.
  • House sparrows in the Americas have assimilated generalist parasites from their new environment.
  • Parasite prevalence was significantly higher in Europe compared to North America and South America.

Takeaway

When house sparrows moved to new places, they left behind their old parasites, which may have helped them thrive in their new homes.

Methodology

The study involved sampling blood from house sparrows across 58 locations on six continents and testing for haemosporidian parasites using PCR methods.

Limitations

The study had limited samples from eastern Asia, which may have resulted in missing some parasite lineages.

Participant Demographics

House sparrows (Passer domesticus) sampled from various global locations.

Statistical Information

P-Value

<0.001

Statistical Significance

p<0.001

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1371/journal.pone.0021905

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