A Ketogenic Diet Followed by Gradual Carbohydrate Reintroduction Restores Menstrual Cycles in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome with Oligomenorrhea Independent of Body Weight Loss: Results from a Single-Center, One-Arm, Pilot Study
2024

Ketogenic Diet Restores Menstrual Cycles in Women with PCOS

Sample size: 12 publication 10 minutes Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Rebecca Rossetti, Vittoria Strinati, Alessandra Caputi, Renata Risi, Maria Letizia Spizzichini, Alessandro Mondo, Lorenzo Spiniello, Carla Lubrano, Antonella Giancotti, Dario Tuccinardi, Lucio Gnessi, Mikiko Watanabe

Primary Institution: Sapienza University of Rome

Hypothesis

Can a ketogenic diet followed by gradual carbohydrate reintroduction improve menstrual cycles in women with PCOS regardless of body weight loss?

Conclusion

The study found that a ketogenic diet followed by gradual carbohydrate reintroduction improved menstrual cycles in women with PCOS, independent of body weight loss.

Supporting Evidence

  • Menstrual cycle frequency improved significantly from a median of 45 days to 32 days.
  • Ovarian volume significantly reduced, indicating improved morphology.
  • FSH, LH, and progesterone levels showed significant changes independent of weight loss.
  • Improvements in hirsutism were observed, but were dependent on weight loss.
  • Insulin resistance showed a trend towards improvement.
  • Participants reported good tolerability and compliance with the diet.

Takeaway

Eating a special low-carb diet can help women with a condition called PCOS have regular periods, even if they don't lose weight.

Methodology

Eighteen patients with PCOS followed a ketogenic diet for 45 days, then gradually reintroduced carbohydrates over another 45 days, with assessments at baseline and after 6 months.

Potential Biases

The study's single-arm design may introduce bias as there was no control group for comparison.

Limitations

The study had a small sample size and lacked a control group, limiting the ability to compare with other treatments.

Participant Demographics

Participants included 28% normal weight, 28% overweight, and 44% with obesity, all diagnosed with PCOS phenotype A.

Statistical Information

P-Value

0.012

Statistical Significance

p<0.05

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.3390/metabo14120691

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