Systematic review of the association between thyroid disorders and hyperprolactinemia
2025

Thyroid Disorders and Hyperprolactinemia: A Systematic Review

Sample size: 804 publication 10 minutes Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Khan Adeel Ahmad, Sharma Rohit, Ata Fateen, Khalil Sondos K, Aldien Arwa Saed, Hasnain Muhammad, Sadiq Amna

Hypothesis

Is there an association between thyroid disorders and hyperprolactinemia?

Conclusion

Thyroid hormone replacement can lead to resolution of hyperprolactinemia and pituitary enlargement in most patients with hyperprolactinemia due to hypothyroidism.

Supporting Evidence

  • 804 patients were included in the review, with 681 (85.9%) being females.
  • Menstrual irregularity was the most prominent symptom of hyperprolactinemia, reported in 74.3% of cases.
  • Subclinical hypothyroidism was the most reported thyroid disorder associated with hyperprolactinemia, affecting 57.1% of patients.
  • After treatment, 70.4% of patients experienced complete resolution of hyperprolactinemia.

Takeaway

If someone has high prolactin levels because of thyroid problems, giving them thyroid medicine can help fix that without needing other treatments.

Methodology

A systematic review was conducted by searching PUBMED, SCOPUS, and EMBASE for eligible articles published in English until December 15, 2022.

Potential Biases

Potential bias due to reliance on observational studies and case reports.

Limitations

The evidence is mainly based on small case reports and observational studies, and the duration of thyroid hormone replacement prior to its impact on hyperprolactinemia was not studied due to insufficient data.

Participant Demographics

The majority of participants (85.9%) were females, with a median age of 32 years.

Statistical Information

P-Value

0.01

Confidence Interval

Not provided

Statistical Significance

p<0.05

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1186/s13044-024-00214-7

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